Molecular Diversity within a Mediterranean and European Panel of Tetraploid Wheat (T. turgidum subsp.) Landraces and Modern Germplasm Inferred Using a High-Density SNP Array

High-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular markers are widely used to assess the genetic variability of plant varieties and cultivars, which is nowadays recognized as an important source well-adapted alleles for environmental stresses. In our study, diversity population structure a collection 265 accessions eight tetraploid Triticumturgidum L. subspecies were investigated using 35,143 SNPs screened with 35K Axiom® array. The neighbor-joining algorithm, discriminant analysis principal components (DAPC), Bayesian model-based clustering algorithm implemented in STRUCTURE software revealed clusters accordance taxonomic classification, reflecting evolutionary history Triticum turgidum phylogenetic relationships among them. Based on these results, clear picture within wheats given herein. Moreover, potential landraces wild relatives research specific traits interest highlighted. This provides great contribution future phenotyping crossing activities. particular, recombination efficiency gene selection programs aimed at developing durum wheat composite cross populations that adapted Mediterranean conditions could be improved.